Bacillary Hemoglobin Urea
Agent:-
Clostridium Novi Type D is also called clostridium Hemolyticum.
Gram-negative, anaerobic rod shape spore-forming bacteria
It produces an exotoxin that is phospholipase C also called a beta
toxin. It is hemolytic and necrotoxic.
High summer and autumn and heavy rainfall.
Common in the USA, Australia, etc.
and not in Pakistan.
Risk Factor:-
Ø Cattle is natural Host
Ø Sheep can also be affected
Ø Normal Inhabitants of the respiratory and alimentary tract (around
liver).
Ø Heavy rainfall
Ø Irrigated pasture grazing
Ø Fusobacterium necrophorum and other fluke’s 1st effect liver then
thus problem occurs.
Ø Liver fluke, cysticercus tanuicollis, and Fusobacterium necrophorum
are precipitating causes means those cause complications.
Ø All ages of animal is susceptible
Ø High mortality
Ø Contaminated dry hay is also a source of infection
Pathogenesis:-
Entry via oral route or normally present in GIT
Metacercare of fasciola à Fluke larvae damage to liver capsule à penetration of pathogens à Spores reached to the liver and converted into their vegetative from
and then now it produces its exotoxin à as a result of vegetative multiplication thrombi formation in sub
terminal branch of portal vein à
anemic infarction (Characteristic feature of disease).
Infarction of the liver is the main damage.
Moreover, toxin cause damage to capillary vessels and intravascular
hemolysis occur which result in hemoglobin urea as well as anemia. It also leads
to edema and jaundice.
Sign:-
ð Course of disease is short
ð In 6-7 days signs appear
ð Can cause death in pregnancy within 12 hours and death in 4 days in
dry cow.
ð Sudden or complete cessation of rumination, defecation, lactation
and feeding.
ð Abdominal Pain --> Animal will be in arched back posture and
reluctant to move, Rapid respiration (Shallow)
ð Brisket Edema
ð Fever 103 - 106 F
ð Later or at terminal stages Subnormal temperature
ð Dark brown feces color
ð Severe Dyspnea
ð Death
Necropsy Findings:-
ü Sub cut hemorrhages and Patechiation
ü Light color areas surrounded by counter hyperemic regions
ü Straw color fluid in pericardial cavities and peritoneum
ü Decreased PCV
Differential Diagnosis:-
Post parturient Hemoglobin urea
Fasciolosis
From all disease in which sudden death occurs
Babesiosis
Ulcerative Abomacuitis
Treatment:-
ü Penicillin G 50,000 IU/ kg after every 8 Hours
ü Tetracycline 15-20 mg/ kg after every 24 hours
ü Na+1 Therapy
ü Fluid Therapy
ü Blood Transfusion
ü Liver Tonics
Control:-
ü Control Predisposing Factor
ü Control of snails
ü Trichlabendazole which is a drug of choice for fasciolosis as it
kill all stages of Fasciolosis.
